The subject of this book is primarily the typical attitudes of the conscious mind, namely introversion and extraversion, as well as the orientation functions: Thinking, Feeling, Sensation and Intuition and their corresponding compensations in the unconscious. Introversion and extraversion - terms which have now entered common usage - are illustrated by examples from ancient and medieval intellectual history, from literary history, aesthetics and poetry, from philosophy, biography and psychopathology. An extensive chapter is devoted to the characterization of each type. Knowledge of these differences is of great importance not only to the psychologist and psychotherapist, but also to the layman, and helps to better understand one's fellow man and oneself and to overcome prejudices. The definitions of the most common psychological terms used by C.G. Jung are included in the volume as a special chapter.