On June 18, 2009, the German Bundestag decided, after years of discussion, to pass the Third Law Amending the Guardianship Law. The law came into effect on September 1, 2009. This incorporated the concept of advance directives, along with all its legal and ethical implications, into the Civil Code. The book presents the various positions of the groups involved in the discussion regarding the new legal regulation of advance directives, and it illustrates the debate based on the principles of autonomy and care. Special significance is given to the aspect of limiting the scope. Furthermore, it explores whether the written will in the advance directive corresponds to the current will in the situation of being affected. Additionally, it describes to what extent declarations of intent can be established for a specific situation in the future.