This book introduces the methodology of statistical data analysis with the help of suitably selected examples and thus documents its usefulness at least for sub-areas of historical research. Not only the analytical concepts and models, but also the practical procedural steps and thus also the arithmetical calculations are explained in detail with the aid of the widely used SPSS programme system. This textbook does not presuppose any statistical expertise, only elementary mathematical knowledge, and is thus suitable for a first approach to the topic.