Yes, I have been using a golden Fuse bottle for some time now. It works perfectly.

The bottle works, no topic, just not the carafes

Yes, see Carbonator website:

Which CO2 cylinders are compatible with the Carbonator?
Attention, watch out! We ship all Carbonators WITHOUT carbon dioxide cylinders. These can be purchased and refilled at many local supermarkets. All common 60L/400-425g cylinders are compatible with the Carbonator. Well-known brands are Aarke (in Germany, Austria, Switzerland), SodaStream (except Sodastream Quick Connect), Sodastar, SodaMagic and Linde.

I think so, we use Migros' own brand.

I don't have the Sodastream bottles. So I can't answer the question.