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Tap water vs mineral water: which is healthier?

8.7.2024

Translation: Jessica Johnson-Ferguson

Mineral content, purity, sustainability: these are the pros and cons of mineral water and tap water for your health and the environment.

In Switzerland and Germany, we’re lucky enough to have access to both high-quality tap water as well as a variety of mineral waters. But which is healthier and more sustainable?

Where does tap water come from?

Around 40 per cent of Swiss tap water (article in German) is obtained from groundwater. The water underground is fed by rain, snowmelt, glaciers and seepage water stored in underground cavities. A further 40 per cent comes from springs. Spring water’s mainly found in the Alpine region and the Jura. It’s naturally purified as it flows through gravel and stones and seeps through several layers of soil.

In Germany, groundwater and spring water make up around 70 per cent of the water that comes out of the tap. The rest is obtained from lakes and rivers. Before it reaches households, the groundwater and surface water is purified in drinking water treatment plants. Spring water, on the other hand, generally doesn’t need to be treated.

Good to know: The high quality of tap water in Germany is only guaranteed up to the property line. Beyond that, the responsibility for water quality lies with the homeowner and depends on the pipes and connections in the building. In Switzerland, water suppliers are responsible for the quality of drinking water up to the water meters.

Where does mineral water come from?

Mineral water’s obtained from natural, usually deep-lying springs. As a result, it’s better protected than surface water from environmental influences such as nitrate from agriculture or pharmaceutical residues. After extraction, the water’s bottled before it’s sold. In Germany, the law on mineral and table water stipulates that mineral water must be «protected from impurities» and be «of original purity». However, there are no specific criteria for assessing this, which means that quality can vary depending on the manufacturer.

Background information
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What’s in it? Let’s take a look at the ingredients.

Tap water contains various minerals, which can differ depending on the region. Calcium, magnesium and sodium, for example, are typical. However, the quantities are lower than in mineral water. In addition, tap water may contain traces of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. But these are below the legal limits and therefore don’t pose a health risk.

Mineral water’s characterised by its natural mineral content, which can vary greatly depending on the source. Some mineral waters contain high amounts of calcium, magnesium and other important minerals. However, there are also some with very low mineral content. It’s good to know that many mineral waters also contain sodium, a mineral we often already consume in sufficient quantities through our diet.

The pros of tap water: cheap, sustainable, handy

Affordable: on average, tap water costs just half a cent per litre, whereas mineral water from the supermarket costs at least 13 cents per litre.

Environmentally friendly: there’s no packaging or transport involved, which means tap water has a significantly lower impact on the climate.

Convenient: tap water’s available around the clock and with no effort – bye-bye shlepping crates.

Strict controls: laws on drinking water in Germany and Switzerland ensure quality controls are carried out regularly and comprehensively.

The cons of tap water

Regional differences: water quality can vary depending on where you live, especially in agricultural areas. However, the legal requirements ensure that there are no harmful levels of impurities contained in the water.

Contamination: in old buildings, old lead pipes can contaminate the water. It’s advisable to let the water run for a few seconds before drinking it or to have it tested for contaminants.

Lower mineral content:: tap water generally contains fewer minerals than mineral water.

Germs: the mixing nozzle on the tap can be a source of germs. You should clean it regularly so that there’s no risk of bacteria collecting there.

Background information
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The pros of mineral water: minerals, taste, purity

High mineral content: some mineral waters contain high amounts of important minerals such as calcium and magnesium. But be wary of high sodium content.

Taste: many people prefer the taste of mineral water, especially when it’s sparkling. However, tap water can also be carbonated.

Smaller carbon footprint: as mineral water comes from deep sources, it’s often better protected from environmental influences.

The cons of mineral water

More expensive: there’s a wide price range for mineral water. But even the cheapest is many times more expensive than tap water.

Environmental impact: the production, packaging and transportation of mineral water have a greater impact on the climate.

Fluctuations in quality: mineral content and purity can vary greatly depending on the manufacturer. In addition, mineral water in plastic bottles may absorb harmful substances from the packaging material, especially if the bottles are exposed to prolonged heat or sunlight. As a result, potentially harmful substances such as microplastics can get into the water.

Digestive problems: for some people, carbonated water can cause bloating, belching or heartburn. This can be particularly unpleasant for people with sensitive stomachs or a tendency to reflux.

Conclusion: which is better? There’s no clear winner. Ultimately, you can rest assured that both tap water and mineral water in Germany and Switzerland are safe and of good quality. Tap water’s inexpensive, environmentally friendly and strictly controlled, but may contain different, non-harmful impurities depending on where you live. Mineral water often has a higher mineral content and is more varied in taste, but has a greater impact on the environment and is more expensive. Simply choose the option that best suits you and your lifestyle.

Header image: Anna Tarazevich/Pexels

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Anna Sandner

Senior Editor

Anna.Sandner@galaxus.de

Science editor and biologist. I love animals and am fascinated by plants, their abilities and everything you can do with them. That's why my favourite place is always the outdoors - somewhere in nature, preferably in my wild garden.

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