Part I. Obscure Beginnings, to 264 B.C.: 1. Foundations and kingdoms, to ca. 507 B.C. 2. Domestic history of the Early Republic, ca. 507 B.C.-ca. 287 B.C. 3. Conquest of Latium and Italy, ca. 507 B.C.-264 B.C. Part II. Conquest of the Mediterranean, 264 B.C.-146 B.C.: 4. Struggle with Carthage, 264 B.C.-146 B.C. 5. Wars in the East, 215 B.C.-146 B.C. 6. Conquest of Spain 218 B.C.-134 B.C. 7. Effects of the conquests on Rome Part III. Collapse of the Republic, 133 B.C.-27 B.C.: 8. Assault on the oligarchy, 133 B.C.-81 B.C. 9. Restored oligarchy, 81 B.C.-59 B.C. 10. Caesar and the end of republican government, 59 B.C.-44 B.C. 11. Conflict of the warlords, 44 B.C.-27 B.C. 12. Politics in the Late Republic Part IV. The Principate, 27 B.C.-A.D. 235: 13. Augustus and establishment of the Principate, 31 B.C.-A.D. 14 14. Julio-Claudian Dynasty, A.D. 14-A.D. 68 15. Civil war and the Flavian Dynasty, A.D. 68-A.D. 96 16. Pinnacle of the Principate, A.D. 96-A.D. 192 17. Civil war and the Severan Dynasty, A.D. 193-A.D. 235 18. Institutions of the Principate Part V. The Late Empire, A.D. 235-A.D. 476: 19. Military and dynastic crisis, A.D. 235-A.D. 284 20. Rise of Christianity 21. Diocletian and the restoration of imperial authority, A.D. 284-A.D. 305 22. Civil war and the triumph of Constantine and Christianity, A.D. 305-A.D. 337 23. Heyday of the Christian Empire, A.D. 337-A.D. 395 24. Demise of the Empire in the West, A.D. 395-A.D. 476 Epilogue: Survival and transformation of the Empire in the East after A.D. 476.